The number of individuals calling in sick from work may have started to decrease after more than doubling over the past ten years. The issuance of “fit notes” authorizing absence from work surged from about 5.2 million in 2015/16 to over 11 million in 2025, driven by prolonged illnesses and mental health concerns.
Recent analysis of the 2025 data indicates a slight increase in fit notes where General Practitioners have suggested the patient could potentially work with adjustments to their role. This shift follows Health Secretary Wes Streeting’s criticism of the broken fit note system, which he believes too frequently leads to people being written off.
Data from NHS England reveals that 11.17 million sick notes were issued in 2025, with 93% (10.37 million) deeming individuals “not fit for work.” Around 8% (almost a million) of the notes suggested that individuals “may be fit for work,” advising a phased return, modified hours, or adjusted duties.
The trend of escalating “not fit for work” notes seems to be reversing, as the total number slightly decreased from 10.44 million in 2024. Mr. Streeting’s call for a new strategy to support individuals in returning to work has led to pilot programs in 15 regions, connecting fit note recipients with work coaches and health specialists.
Fit notes certify a patient’s illness, validating their need to stay off work and eligibility for sick pay. Employees must obtain a fit note after their first week of sick leave, during which self-certification is possible.
Recent data for the final quarter of 2025 showed a decrease in issued fit notes compared to the previous year, with the North East region recording the highest rate per 100,000 registered patients and London the lowest.
Consultancy firm Broadstone’s 2025 analysis highlights that the number of people being signed off work remains significantly high, with 59% of fit notes issued to women and 41% to men. Mental and behavioral disorders were the primary reason for absence at 36%, followed by musculoskeletal conditions at 18%, while the majority of sick notes did not specify a diagnosis.
Jamie Burdess, principal consultant at Broadstone, expressed uncertainty about whether the data has plateaued at a near record high or signals the beginning of a decline in workplace sickness. He raised concerns about the current sick note system potentially pushing individuals out of the workforce rather than supporting their return or retention. Despite a slight improvement in workplace sickness absence post-pandemic, the rates remain alarmingly high.
